Mount Bratan, the Ancient Volcano in North Bali

Mount Bratan which also known as Buyan-Bratan have obvious volcanic complex features in north-central Bali. The volcano have beautiful scenery with Lake Beratan in located next to Mount Bratan and Mount Catur. The most known landmark in Mount Bratan is the Balinese Hinduism temple in the Bratan Lake waters. The existence of the temple called Pura Ulun Danu have significant importance for the locals nearby, believed as the guard of the lake. The Pura Ulun Danu temple distinctive features contrast to the Bratan Lake water since it looks like floating on the lake's water.

Buyan-Bratan volcanic complex located in Bedugul caldera, Baturiti sub-district, Tabanan Regency in Bali Province, Indonesia. Geographic position of Mount Bratan is 8°15'00" South Latitude and 115°12'00" East Longitude.  Mount Buyan Bratan or commonly called Bratan have complex characteristics because it compromises of some mountain peaks. The complex consist of younger stratovolcano areas includes Mounts Batukaru 2,276 meters above sea level, Adeng 1,826 meters above sea level, Pohen 2,063 meters above sea level, Sengayang 2,087 meters above sea level and Lesung 1,865 above sea level.

Mount Buyan Bratan complex called an ancient volcano because the complex formation estimated taking place about 500.000 to 1,3 million years ago. Two eruptions generated the formation of several young stratovolcano cones in the central south west of the complex which now creating seven volcanic cones within the Mount Buyan Bratan complex. The eruption also created the 11 x 6 km wide Bratan caldera which also known as Catur or Tjatur caldera resulting the existence of three lakes in the area, Bratan Lake, Buyan Lake and Tamblingan Lake.


Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program stated that the last known eruption of Mount Bratan was unknown or have not enough credible evidence. Several post-caldera stratovolcanoes cones stretched Mount Bratan southern rim, and the largest post-caldera cone, Batukau or Batukaru which is 10 kilometer south-west of Mount Bratan. Mount Bratan volcanic cones are well-formed but already covered with thick soils and vegetation indicating that the ancient volcano have been inactive for hundreds or thousands of years. Meanwhile, the Tapak and Lesong cones are not covered by deposits of the youngest dacitic pumice eruptions of nearby Batur volcano which estimated erupted less than 23,000 years old. 


Mount Buyan Bratan or ancient volcano Mount Bratan landscape formation hundred thousand years ago provide amazing natural scenery for the livings around the ancient volcano area. The geothermal field within the caldera has been developed to produce electrical power, and hot springs are located in more than a dozen locations which generate ecotourism income for the locals. The rich mineral left by the ancient volcanic eruption established fertile soils supporting agriculture and forestry industry. The landscape of the ancient lava flows now become tracks for many rivers and waterfalls in the middle north of Bali, the God's Island in Indonesia.


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